Hindi Alphabet and Word Reasoning: Series, Order, Analogy and Classification

1. What this chapter covers#

Hindi alphabet and word reasoning asks you to find a rule in letters, arrange words in a sensible order, compare relationships, or identify one item that does not belong. The rule may depend on an alphabet position, a letter's place within a consonant group, time, a process, or the meaning of words.

This chapter uses one defined base chart for every positional question. Learn the charts in Sections 2 and 3 before calculating a skip or a reverse step. The later sections cover alphabet series, word series, logical ordering, analogies, odd-one-out questions, harder mixed patterns, ten worked examples, and 25 explained practice questions.

First identify what the question is asking: the next item, a missing middle item, the correct order of numbered items, the matching analogy, or the odd item. Then look for a rule that fits all the supplied items.

2. The 11 base vowels and their positions#

For this chapter, the base vowel chart has exactly eleven entries in the following order:

Position	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
Vowel	अ	आ	इ	ई	उ	ऊ	ऋ	ए	ऐ	ओ	औ

Count letters in this chart, not sounds or written strokes. For example, ऋ is at position 7, ए at 8, ऐ at 9, and ओ at 10. When a series skips one vowel between terms, its positions rise by two.

The series अ, इ, उ, ऋ, ? therefore uses positions 1, 3, 5, 7, 9. Its next term is ऐ. ए is position 8 and does not fit the two-position jump. This corrects a common mistaken answer to this particular series.

3. The 33 base consonants and their positions#

The base consonant chart has five groups of five, followed by four semivowels and four sibilant or breath consonants. Read every row from left to right, then continue into the next row.

Group	Positions	Letters in order
First varga	1–5	क ख ग घ ङ
Second varga	6–10	च छ ज झ ञ
Third varga	11–15	ट ठ ड ढ ण
Fourth varga	16–20	त थ द ध न
Fifth varga	21–25	प फ ब भ म
Semivowels	26–29	य र ल व
Final group	30–33	श ष स ह

Thus 25 letters from the five vargas, plus 4 semivowels, plus 4 final letters give 33 base consonants. Key positions are क = 1, ङ = 5, च = 6, छ = 7, झ = 9, ञ = 10, ट = 11, ण = 15, म = 25, व = 29, and ह = 33.

Do not restart at 1 when a sequence crosses a varga boundary. For example, क, ग, ङ, छ, ? has positions 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, so its next letter is झ.

4. Why other printed alphabet charts can differ#

Some teaching charts place अं and अः alongside vowels. Others list conjuncts such as क्ष, त्र, ज्ञ, श्र as additional entries. Some include the modified consonants ड़ and ढ़. These are useful in their own contexts, but including them changes the total and the positions that follow.

Positional questions in this chapter use only the 11-vowel and 33-consonant base charts above unless a question explicitly supplies another chart. If a test provides its own order or counting rule, follow that stated rule for that test. Never silently mix two charts while solving one series.

5. Turn an alphabet series into a position series#

Write the chart position beneath each letter. Then compare successive positions just as you would compare numbers. A constant jump of $+1$, $+2$, or $-1$ is often enough; a changing jump may increase by one each step.

For example, ख, घ, च, ज, ? has consonant positions 2, 4, 6, 8, ?. Continuing the $+2$ jump gives position 10, or ञ. Check each conversion in the chart before accepting the answer.

For a missing letter in the middle, verify both sides of the blank. For an odd-one-out question, identify a relationship that the other letters share. Letter shape and sound are weaker clues when the question supplies an explicit alphabet chart.

6. Vowel series: odd and even positions#

The eleven-vowel chart supports simple alternating-position series. अ, इ, उ, ऋ, ऐ is the odd-position row 1, 3, 5, 7, 9. आ, ई, ऊ, ए, ओ is the even-position row 2, 4, 6, 8, 10.

These examples show why memorising the conventional vowel order matters. After ऊ at position 6, the next even position is ए at 8; after ए, it is ओ at 10. For the odd row, after ऋ at 7 comes ऐ at 9. Counting by sound similarity would not reliably produce either answer.

If the last entry would move past position 11, do not assume the series wraps back to the start. Wraparound must be stated or demonstrated by the question.

7. Simple consonant series#

A consecutive row takes adjacent entries from the 33-consonant chart: क, ख, ग, घ, ? ends with ङ. It stays within the first varga because those letters occupy positions 1 through 5.

A stepped row skips a fixed number of chart entries. छ, झ, ट, ड, ? has positions 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, so the missing letter is ण. The jump remains $+2$ even when it crosses from the second varga to the third.

Always distinguish chart position from position inside a varga. In the second varga, झ is the fourth member, but it is consonant-chart position 9.

8. A letter's role within each varga#

The five vargas have the same five-slot structure. A series may select one slot from every varga instead of adding a fixed number across the full chart.

Slot in each varga	First	Second	Third	Fourth	Fifth
First letter	क	च	ट	त	प
Second letter	ख	छ	ठ	थ	फ
Third letter	ग	ज	ड	द	ब
Fourth letter	घ	झ	ढ	ध	भ
Fifth letter	ङ	ञ	ण	न	म

For क, च, ट, त, ?, take the first letter of the fifth varga: प. For ङ, ञ, ण, न, ?, take the fifth letter: म. Both rows also move $+5$ in the full 33-letter chart, but the varga-slot explanation makes the structure easier to remember.

9. Reverse order and changing jumps#

Starting at the end of the consonant chart, ह, स, ष, श, ? maps to positions 33, 32, 31, 30, 29. The answer is व. Reverse order does not reverse the spelling of an individual letter; it moves backward through chart positions.

Some harder series increase their jump each time. Consider क, ख, घ, छ, ट, ? at positions 1, 2, 4, 7, 11, ?. The jumps are $+1,+2,+3,+4$; the next is $+5$, giving position 16, त. Verify all jumps before using the last one.

If letters from two separate rows alternate, split odd and even term positions. Do this before trying an elaborate single formula.

10. Word series: find one common relationship#

A word series may describe stages in growth, events in time, items in a production chain, or members of a category. Ask what changes from one word to the next. In seed, sapling, tree, flower, ?, the intended plant-development path ends with fruit; a mango tree is an easy concrete example.

The same words can sometimes support more than one natural ordering. Follow a relationship that is consistent across the whole row and any wording supplied by the question. A sequence of words is not automatically alphabetical: meaning and time are often the intended clues.

When words represent objects or processes, check whether the question asks for a next item or the logical order of all items. Those are different tasks.

11. Calendar and time series#

Weekday questions often use fixed or changing day jumps. In Monday, Wednesday, Saturday, ?, the jumps are $+2$, then $+3$, then $+4$ days. Four days after Saturday is Wednesday. A week has seven days, so counting continues from Sunday back to Monday.

Write the weekday cycle if mental counting becomes confusing: Monday → Tuesday → Wednesday → Thursday → Friday → Saturday → Sunday → Monday. Count the number of transitions, not the starting day as step one.

Months and seasons can also form word series. Watch for a change in the unit: a jump of two weekdays differs from a jump of two calendar dates.

12. Logical ordering by age or stage#

For a logical-order question, first choose the dimension being ordered. If the dimension is age, infant → child → adolescent → adult → elderly is a natural progression. A supplied list may put these words in any order; map their original item numbers into the progression.

If the dimension is plant growth, seed → sapling → tree → flower → fruit is the intended simplified sequence in the examples here. Real plants repeat flowering and fruiting, but the examination question asks for the first broad developmental path. Use the wording and context to resolve such cases.

Do not sort the English spelling of the words when the meaningful order is developmental or chronological.

13. Logical ordering in a production chain#

Material-to-product questions begin with a raw material and follow each transformation. For a cotton shirt, the sequence is cotton → yarn → cloth → shirt. The raw cotton is made into yarn; yarn is woven or knitted into cloth; cloth is made into a shirt.

This is a useful test of adjacency. If two items could be related but a necessary intermediate stage is also present, place that stage between them. The presence of yarn means cotton → cloth is too large a jump for the complete four-item order.

Other questions may run from product back to raw material. Confirm whether the prompt asks for production order or reverse order.

14. Logical ordering in a process#

An exam-related sequence follows application → admit card → exam → result → selection in the simplified process used here. The application begins participation, the admit card is issued before the exam, the result follows the exam, and selection follows the result.

In a real recruitment process, additional stages may appear. For this question, order only the five provided items. Do not add an interview or document check that the prompt did not supply.

For any process question, identify which items are prerequisites for the others, then read the sequence from earliest to latest.

15. Logical ordering by containment#

Some words are nested from broadest to narrowest rather than arranged by time. In the intended example, India → Rajasthan → Jaipur → a neighborhood of Jaipur → a house in that neighborhood. Each later item lies within the preceding place.

Before ordering location words, check the stated relationship of the smallest item. A house can be anywhere; the example specifically places it in the named neighborhood. Without that fact, its position within Jaipur would not be established merely by the word house.

The same broad-to-narrow method works for category hierarchies, but do not confuse location containment with cause-and-effect order.

16. Letter analogies#

An analogy asks you to apply the same relationship to a second pair. Read क : ख :: ग : ? as “क is related to ख as ग is related to what?” In the base consonant chart, both pairs move one step forward, so the answer is घ.

The relationship can also be a repeated role within vargas. क : ग :: च : ? moves from the first to the third letter of a varga, giving ज. क : ङ :: च : ? moves from the first to the fifth letter, giving ञ.

Describe the relationship before selecting an answer. A positional answer that fits only the first pair is not enough.

17. Word analogies#

Word analogies compare meanings. wing : bird :: petal : flower uses a part-to-whole relationship: a wing is part of a bird, and a petal is part of a flower. Keep the direction of the relationship the same on both sides.

India : New Delhi :: Japan : Tokyo uses country-to-capital. Reversing one pair into capital-to-country would break the analogy. Other possible relationships include tool-to-use, young-to-adult, material-to-product, and cause-to-effect; choose the one that explains the given pair precisely.

Do not decide from a broad connection such as “both words are related.” Name the exact relation and test its direction.

18. Odd-one-out questions#

An odd-one-out question offers several items and asks which one lacks the shared property. In अ, इ, उ, क, the first three are members of the eleven-vowel chart; क is a consonant, so it is odd.

In mango, apple, carrot, banana, carrot is odd because the other three are fruits while carrot is an edible root. In क, च, ट, त, म, the first four are the first members of four successive vargas, whereas म is the fifth member of the fifth varga.

When categories overlap, state the property of the majority explicitly. A weak explanation such as “the odd word looks different” can hide an accidental pattern.

19. Harder patterns and paired letters#

Harder alphabet questions can combine position jumps, varga roles, reverse order, or two interleaved rows. Start with the simplest of those structures and calculate positions before trying a complicated rule.

A pair can encode two roles. In कग, चज, टड, तद, ?, each pair contains the first and third members of a varga. The fifth varga begins प फ ब, so the next pair is पब. Treat each two-letter block as one term; do not read the ten letters as a single ungrouped row.

For an alternating row, separate term positions 1, 3, 5 and term positions 2, 4, 6. For a changing-jump row, write every numeric jump. These checks expose most seemingly irregular patterns.

20. A practical solving method#

1. Classify the format: series, ordering, analogy, or odd one out.
2. Fix the reference chart: use the eleven vowels or 33 consonants defined here unless the question supplies another convention.
3. Translate letters to positions: record the numbers under the terms without skipping chart entries silently.
4. Test a short list of rules: fixed jumps, changing jumps, reverse order, same slot in each varga, alternating rows, and paired roles.
5. For words, name the relationship: time, growth, production, containment, part-to-whole, country-to-capital, or category.
6. Check every supplied item: for a middle blank, verify both sides; for a wrong item, verify that one correction repairs the full row.
7. Return to the requested format: give the missing letter or word, the numbered order, or the odd item, with one sentence of explanation.

This method prevents a common mistake: finding a plausible answer from the last two entries while ignoring an earlier entry that contradicts the rule.

21. Ambiguity and common traps#

A finite series can fit multiple rules. An exam expects a simple rule consistent with all given terms and any answer choices. If two equally natural relationships remain, the question needs more information; do not claim that one answer is mathematically forced.

The base vowel chart contains ए at position 8 and ऐ at position 9. Therefore अ, इ, उ, ऋ, ? ends in ऐ, not ए. The consonant chart continues across vargas, so क, ग, ङ, छ, ? ends in झ. Neither sequence restarts counting after a group boundary.

Other traps include reversing the direction of an analogy, treating a month as a weekday, arranging process items alphabetically, confusing a part with the whole, and assuming a location for a house that the question has not specified.

22. Ten fully worked examples#

Worked example 1 — vowel positions#

Question: अ, इ, उ, ऋ, ?

Work: On the eleven-vowel chart the positions are 1, 3, 5, 7. The constant jump is $+2$, so the next position is 9. Position 9 is ऐ. Position 8 is ए, which would break the rule.

Worked example 2 — consonant positions across vargas#

Question: क, ग, ङ, छ, ?

Work: The positions are 1, 3, 5, 7. Continue to position 9, झ. The jump continues into the second varga rather than restarting at च.

Worked example 3 — increasing jumps#

Question: क, ख, घ, छ, ट, ?

Work: The chart positions are 1, 2, 4, 7, 11. Their jumps are $+1,+2,+3,+4$. Add 5 to reach position 16, त.

Worked example 4 — one slot in every varga#

Question: ख, छ, ठ, थ, ?

Work: These are the second letters of the first four vargas. The second letter of the fifth varga is फ.

Worked example 5 — backward through the chart#

Question: ह, स, ष, श, ?

Work: Positions 33, 32, 31, 30 decrease by one. Position 29 is व.

Worked example 6 — a changing weekday jump#

Question: Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, Sunday, ?

Work: The jumps are $+1,+2,+3$ days. Add 4 days after Sunday: Monday is day 1, Tuesday day 2, Wednesday day 3, and Thursday day 4.

Worked example 7 — arrange stages of life#

Question: Arrange adult, infant, elderly, adolescent, child from youngest to oldest.

Work: Begin with infant, then child, adolescent, adult, and elderly. Age, rather than spelling, determines the order.

Worked example 8 — order a production chain#

Question: Arrange shirt, cotton, cloth, yarn in production order.

Work: Raw cotton becomes yarn; yarn becomes cloth; cloth is made into a shirt. The complete order is cotton → yarn → cloth → shirt.

Worked example 9 — a letter analogy#

Question: क : ङ :: च : ?

Work: क is the first and ङ is the fifth letter of the first varga. In the second varga, च is first and ञ is fifth.

Worked example 10 — an odd member#

Question: अ, इ, उ, क. Which is odd?

Work: अ, इ, and उ are in the base vowel chart. क is in the consonant chart, so it is the odd member.

23. Practice: 25 questions#

Use only the charts in Sections 2 and 3 for positional letter questions. For each numbered-order question, return the item numbers in the required order.

Practice 01#

Find the next vowel: अ, इ, उ, ऋ, ?

Practice 02#

Find the next consonant: क, ग, ङ, छ, ?

Practice 03#

Find the next vowel: आ, ई, ऊ, ए, ?

Practice 04#

Find the next consonant: क, ख, ग, घ, ?

Practice 05#

Find the next consonant: क, च, ट, त, ?

Practice 06#

Find the next consonant: ङ, ञ, ण, न, ?

Practice 07#

Find the next consonant: छ, झ, ट, ड, ?

Practice 08#

Find the next consonant: ह, स, ष, श, ?

Practice 09#

Find the next weekday: Monday, Wednesday, Saturday, ?

Practice 10#

Find the next stage in a mango tree's development: seed, sapling, tree, flower, ?

Practice 11#

Put these stages in developmental order: 1 seed, 2 fruit, 3 sapling, 4 tree, 5 flower.

Practice 12#

Put these life stages in order from youngest to oldest: 1 adult, 2 infant, 3 elderly, 4 adolescent, 5 child.

Practice 13#

Put these items in production order for a cotton shirt: 1 shirt, 2 cotton, 3 cloth, 4 yarn.

Practice 14#

Put these exam steps in chronological order: 1 exam, 2 result, 3 application, 4 selection, 5 admit card.

Practice 15#

Order these places from broadest to narrowest, assuming the house lies in the named neighborhood: 1 house, 2 Jaipur, 3 India, 4 Rajasthan, 5 a neighborhood of Jaipur.

Practice 16#

Complete the letter analogy: क : ख :: ग : ?

Practice 17#

Complete the letter analogy: क : ग :: च : ?

Practice 18#

Complete the letter analogy: क : ङ :: च : ?

Practice 19#

Complete the word analogy: wing : bird :: petal : ?

Practice 20#

Complete the country-to-capital analogy: India : New Delhi :: Japan : ?

Practice 21#

Find the odd item: अ, इ, उ, क.

Practice 22#

Find the odd item: mango, apple, carrot, banana.

Practice 23#

Find the odd letter: क, च, ट, त, म.

Practice 24#

Find the odd word: Monday, Tuesday, January, Wednesday.

Practice 25#

Find the next two-letter pair: कग, चज, टड, तद, ?

24. Answers and explanations#

Answer 01#

ऐ. The vowel positions are 1, 3, 5, 7, then 9. Position 9 is ऐ; ए is position 8.

Answer 02#

झ. In the consonant chart क, ग, ङ, छ are positions 1, 3, 5, 7. Position 9 is झ.

Answer 03#

ओ. आ, ई, ऊ, ए have vowel positions 2, 4, 6, 8. Position 10 is ओ.

Answer 04#

ङ. These are positions 1 through 4 of the first varga. Its fifth letter is ङ.

Answer 05#

प. क, च, ट, and त are the first letters of the first four vargas. प begins the fifth varga.

Answer 06#

म. ङ, ञ, ण, and न are the fifth letters of the first four vargas. म is the fifth letter of the fifth varga.

Answer 07#

ण. The positions are 7, 9, 11, 13; continuing the $+2$ jump reaches 15, which is ण.

Answer 08#

व. The positions decrease 33, 32, 31, 30, then 29. Position 29 is व.

Answer 09#

Wednesday. The jumps are $+2$ days from Monday to Wednesday and $+3$ to Saturday. The next jump is $+4$: Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday.

Answer 10#

Fruit. The intended growth path is seed → sapling → tree → flower → fruit; flowers develop into fruits on a mango tree.

Answer 11#

1, 3, 4, 5, 2. Read the supplied numbers as seed → sapling → tree → flower → fruit.

Answer 12#

2, 5, 4, 1, 3. The age order is infant → child → adolescent → adult → elderly.

Answer 13#

2, 4, 3, 1. Cotton becomes yarn, yarn becomes cloth, and cloth is made into a shirt.

Answer 14#

3, 5, 1, 2, 4. The simplified chronology is application → admit card → exam → result → selection.

Answer 15#

3, 4, 2, 5, 1. India contains Rajasthan; Rajasthan contains Jaipur; the named neighborhood lies in Jaipur; the house is in that neighborhood.

Answer 16#

घ. क → ख and ग → घ are both one-step forward moves in the consonant chart.

Answer 17#

ज. क and ग are the first and third letters of the first varga; च and ज have the same roles in the second varga.

Answer 18#

ञ. क and ङ are the first and fifth letters of the first varga; च and ञ are the first and fifth letters of the second.

Answer 19#

Flower. A wing is part of a bird, just as a petal is part of a flower. The direction is part → whole in both pairs.

Answer 20#

Tokyo. New Delhi is India's capital; Tokyo is Japan's capital. Both pairs run country → capital.

Answer 21#

क. अ, इ, and उ belong to the base vowel chart; क is a consonant.

Answer 22#

Carrot. Mango, apple, and banana are fruits; carrot is an edible root.

Answer 23#

म. क, च, ट, and त are first letters of successive vargas; म is the fifth letter of the fifth varga.

Answer 24#

January. Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday are weekdays; January is a month.

Answer 25#

पब. Each pair contains the first and third letters of one varga. The fifth varga begins प, फ, ब, so its first-and-third pair is पब.

25. Quick revision#

Memorise the defined 11-vowel and 33-consonant orders first. Convert letters into positions for jumps and reversals; use the same slot in each varga for group patterns; split alternating rows; and treat paired letters as grouped terms. For word questions, name the exact time, growth, production, containment, analogy, or category relationship before answering.

Check the entire row or all supplied items once more. In particular, the vowel series अ, इ, उ, ऋ, ? ends with ऐ, and the consonant series क, ग, ङ, छ, ? ends with झ under these charts.

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